Megalithic site in Nemakallu (Stone Circles of Nemakallu)

                  An iron is megalithic burial site dotted with carine -circles has been discovered near Nemakallu (v) at the foot of a chain of hills in( Ap) Ananthapur( Distic) Rayadurgam ( thaluk) Bommanahal(m) Nemakallu  (v). This village number of hills is there as follows  :   ( 1) Hire gudda (2) Otte gudda (3)Bolu gudda (4) Nagarakolla gudda (5)Karekalla gudda (6)Devarakolla gudda. Megalithic means" large stone "and in general,  the word is used to refer to any huge,  human-built assembled structure or collection of stones are builders. Typically,  thorough,  megalithic monement reference to monemental architecture built megalithic culture. There are so many types megalithic burials schattered all over the world such as stone cirles, Dolmens, Menhirs, Anthropomorphics, Hood stones, Cistburials,  Pit burials, Topicallu etc. This stone circles type of the megalithic burials and said to be known as iron is culture paleo-lithic period,   messolithic period , Neo-Lithic period, Chalcho-lithic period and then comes in the human culture evolution. This is sprawling site spred over about there 3km in Bommanahal( v ) can be deted to 1, 000 BCE 300CE. What is the interestig about the discovery as that many of the Carine -circle have Dolmenaid cist on the surface with in the circles crain-circles rough stone arranged in a circle made of a granite slabs. The craine -circles indicate burial chambers, below with urns containing bones and potteres with paddu, beads, knives, sword and other artifacts . Poems in the thamil sangam literature (300BC to300CE  ) celebrate these secrets of the social life of the that age. But residents of nearby villages have all read destroyed a large number of the                    these carines -circles,  near Devarakolla certed away the stones and granite -slabs for building cowsheds and compound walls, and for laying floors a qurry is working nearby in the hills.                                         
In Nemakallu  village I have seen more than 20 above cairn- circle. and there are cairn -circles. These are very strong and wonder cairn- circle. In there is one of the big rocks. It is round and crain-circles remaining all very straight and so wide. Interested this one is very important rock it is showing as great person, I have seen these and astanrshed  brad  other rocks are slept  on the side. Co geometrically these are very close in south west direction a round big and wide rock will be seen. North east direction  a medium  and beautiful rock we will be seen. other are fallen be side these rocks.                                        
                       Some other stone circles of megalithic period similar to 
1. Junapani in Maharashtra
2. Pudecheri and pallavaram in TN
3. Malai madeswara hills in KA
4. Mudumala in Telangana
5. Akkamma hills and Tenagala near elephant cave in kalyandurgam
6.Takkala kote in Sanganakallu in Bellari( Dit)
Nemakallu village is very important Neolithic site  and
Megalithic site in Andra Pradesh. So our motto is to protect these stone circles year by year.............................

Memorable Stone in Pavagada ( Megalithic site )

Heerammana halli village. Pavagada talk. Tumkur district. Karnataka state. Pavagada to kalyandurgam by pass road just 5 kilometers  away from left   side in this site.local people called him Katti rai, Katti Kallu, ( Knife Stone ).
The megalithics usually refer to the burials made of large stones in graveyards away from the habitation area.
I know this one indicates that it must have a memorial for a big tribal leader/warrior of the stone age. all types of megalithic monuments like Menhirs, stone circles, dolmens and dolmenaid cists are reported in this area.
The menhir main face South and North ganuraly any upright huge undressed stone's standing on or near the burial are generally described as Menhirs.they fund to slightly bend to ward's a certain direction. the present one under study is 3:21 metres in height and a 1. 15  metres in width. This undressed stone is roughly conical and sharp at the top and East side face. It is slightly bend to ward's the earth and oriented to the West and North side.  Totally this menhir look like Knife shape and most important point is  one of the  human face look at the sky, and the  menhir look at  the deep.  this menhir is very wonderful.

Sanjeevarauyanakote Rock Art

Sanjeevarauyanakote village. Ballari talk. Ballari district. Karnataka state.sanjeevarauyanakote is an ancient village settlement from the Neolithic period (circa 3000 Bc ) it is a complex of hills civilization is in three hills,  there hills are used for specific purpose and all the three hills are at the three Conner to the site. There are three hills in this site those are named as follows 1. Sanna karekallu gudda. 2 . Hire karekallu gudda. 3. Karadi kolla gudda. (karadi kolla hill ) and is approximately 12  km from ballari in Karnataka. Thais village Archeological deviance also available for example inscriptions, Neolithic, ash mound pieces,  broken pottery pieces, iron slag etc.

In 1894, Robert Bruce who was the district collector  (Brucepet in ballari is named after him ) visited sanganakallu. In those days ballari district included parts of kurnool and Anantapur district. He identified 77 pre -historic sites in this area, example sites in sanganakallu,halakundi,U.Rajapura, gudekote,  belagallu, takkalakote, kurugodu,budugavi, velpumadugu,  ets.

Rock Engravings at Sanjeevarauyanakote  ( a,b) bull figures on supports ; (c,d)deer and man; (e) dancing figures; (f)sex act motifs ; (g) stick figures; (h)fieldup figures; ets.other imagas these are special kind of images like star symbol swastic mandal etc. Which are not fall under any of the above category and these are difficult to categorized so these are kept in to separate category.
This all rock arts Very   beautiful in hills.
                    

Sanganakllu

K Linganna 

Sanganakallu rock art

Sanganakallu rock art

Sangankallu Rock Art

Today 's mechanical world, everyone are busy in their own works from morning to till late night and people works in night's to till morning. In their busy schedule they find difficulty to spent time with their family, with their relatives and to no time to join in celebration of our festivals and customs. Just think where is the time for them to think about our art, culture  customs etc.                             
Sanganakallu not for civilization, paintings, rock music, architecture, weapons manufacturing factories etc.
Sanganakallu is nearly 5km from Bellary city  m.id eastern  Karnataka, it is an outcrop of granite hills of various sizes this hill are b/t sanganakallu and kappagallu but it is very near to sanganakallu. As per the study, here we can find civilization,it means,as we know civilization means not living  together it is art of living, preparations for smooth going  lifestyle. Civilization is in 4hills, these  hills are used for specific purpose and all the four  hills are at the four  corner to the site.
There are 4hills in this site  those are named as follows
1. Sannarasamma Gudda
2. Sadashiva Gudda
3. Chaudamma Gudda
4. Hire  Gudda 

1. Sannarasamma Gudda :
Sannarasamma Gudda  is lo South -West  of the site, this hill is also called Factory hill here they manufacture stone weapons these weapons are used to kill animals and other purposes, initially they manufacture weapons for their use only but later they started manufacturing more and started supplying to the others. They have more aesthetic sense they use to decorate  themselves with chains, necklace, earrings, bangles etc. All these are made by stone's  of animals, terracotta etc. In different shapes of beads like round solid  bead, square  solid,cylinder pipes, square pipes etc. They wants to look attract or to improve  their beauty  sense.

2. Sadashiva Gudda:
                            sadashiva hill is located towards  North- East corner of the site , here we can find their house's hear by hill and they lived in the hill., houses built near this hill are cone shaped and build on the stone are kept in circular manner. Random shaped stone are arranged in circle and these stones are kept on one feet height ground above the normal ground.long wooden bars are used to built these huts and these are in cone shape, one end of the wooden bar are joined at top and other end are buried in ground.

3. Chaudamma Gudda:

Located south  corner of the heritage site here in this hill we can find blue print of entire site map, map is brushed on surface of granite. Today what we are using vastu for constructions are used by them so here we are following their ideas.In vastu we fallow 3 sutras Brahma Sutra, Yama sutra and Naga Sutra, these 3 sutras are found in architectural blue print.They believe in goddesses Chaudamma and we can find temple here and it is cone shaped. These rock shelter is just damaged. But this rock paintings very Cleary.

4.Hire Gudda:

Hire Gudda is tallest among the all and it is measured 1683 feet from ground. *This hill is used for art and entertain purpose, rock art is rich in this hill. Stick figures and filled figures are found in this hill.Evidence are tells that they conduct meeting in this hill and they have knowledge about the music and they use to play music with the help of stone, these ringing rocks found at the top of the Hire Gudda. There are also round polished grooves that emit musical ringing tones when struck with granite or harder material as demonstrated to us by linganna.

The  most important point at top of the hill,  this  rock shelter and  stick rock paintings look at wonder beautiful 

*Subject of Rock Art in Sanganakallu::
More than 2000 individual and composed images can find in the site, all the images are purely subjective these subjective images are categorized in five types to make out study easy. Here all these images are fall under this 5 categories.
1. Animal and Birds figures.
2. Composed and entertainment figures.
3. Sex act motifs.
4. Pictographs.
5. Other figures
.
It is necessary to discuss not just past we have to think about the future of the hill and today en-number of art works are destroyed due to large scale of commercial granite quarrying at Sanganakallu hill, some art works are partially and some are fully destroyed by the quarrying.
This heritage place is very important for present generation and future generation mainly for  who are in art field and it is must to know about the ancient art and it's development. They are well communicated their inner feelings through this art and this is the main media for their communication and they are master's in the sexual activity and those are drawn on the granite very  clearly.
Sanganakallu had evidence of ancient man passed all 5 ages. In 1894, then bellary district collector Peter Bruce  (  Brucepetarea in bellary is named after him )visited bellary. He on record wrote in Gazetteer mentioned that there were 77 pre history sites and in that Sanganakallu stands first. He descri bed Sanganakallu as pre historic Cradle. " why Sanganakallu? Because it had evidence of all -prehistoric, paralithical, mesalithic,  Neolithic, Stone age,  iron age and copper age. Totally this site very important site in india Karnataka.